Research was directed toward identifying the short- and long-term physical effects of marijuana. The worldwide use of marijuana and hashish as intoxicants has raised various medical and social questions, many of which have been under continuing scientific investigation, especially since the mid-1960s, when THC was first isolated and produced synthetically. © American Chemical Society ( A Britannica Publishing Partner) See all videos for this article Learn about the chemistry of marijuana and how its potency and safety is determined. Marijuana’s physical effects include reddening of the eyes, dryness of the mouth and throat, moderate increase in the rapidity of the heartbeat, tightness of the chest (if the drug is smoked), drowsiness, unsteadiness, and muscular incoordination. Acute intoxication may occasionally induce visual hallucinations, anxiety, depression, extreme variability of mood, paranoid reactions, and psychoses lasting four to six hours. Alterations in vision and judgment result in distortions of time and space. Psychological effects tend to predominate, with the user commonly experiencing a mild euphoria. Marijuana’s effects vary, depending upon the strength and amount consumed, the setting in which it is taken, and the experience of the user. Although it was usually used externally (e.g., as a balm or smoked), in the 19th century ce its tips were sometimes administered internally to treat gonorrhea and angina pectoris. Mentioned in a Chinese herbal dating from 2700 bce, marijuana has long been considered valuable as an analgesic, an anesthetic, an antidepressant, an antibiotic, and a sedative. Hashish, a more powerful form of the drug, is made by collecting and drying this resin and is about eight times as strong as the marijuana typically smoked in the United States.Ĭannabis, or marijuana, is the general term applied to Cannabis plants, when the plants are used for their.
The active ingredient, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is present in all parts of both the male and female plants but is most concentrated in the resin (cannabin) in the flowering tops of the female. Marijuana varies in potency, depending on the variety and where and how it is grown, prepared for use, and stored. It can also be added to foods and beverages. It is usually dried and crushed and put into pipes or formed into cigarettes (joints) for smoking. Marijuana is known by a variety of other names, including pot, tea, grass, and weed. The term marijuana is sometimes used interchangeably with cannabis however, the latter refers specifically to the plant genus, which comprises C.
Marijuana, also spelled marihuana, crude drug composed of the leaves and flowers of plants in the genus Cannabis. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.
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